At the turn of the 21st century, a paradigm change occurred in Hungarian children's literature and as a consequence, Hungarian children's literature entered a rather central position, moving away from the former peripheral place in the literary polysystem. In our paper we are comparing the 'old' and 'new' Hungarian translations of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Secret Garden – made before and after the paradigm change –, and we are attempting to find an answer to the question whether a translation norm shift (Toury 1995) can be observed in the children's literature translated from English into Hungarian. The results indicate that children's literature translations become increasingly remote from adaptations.

Keywords: translation, adaptation, Hungarian children's literature, norm changes, literary polysystem

In the traditional Hungarian scholarly approach, the infinitive is usually perceived as a transitory part of speech by means of which "the action and the state are shown abstractly as a thing, notion." From the historical point of view, in turn, the infinitive is the successor of the petrified lative form of the old verbal substantive, which originally fulfilled in the sentence the function of the adverbial of target, and whose scope of usage has undergone significant broadening in syntactic terms. Nevertheless, such analysis appears to be insufficient. Substantival and verbal properties are indeed linked both in the infinitive (i.e. the old verbal substantive) and in the new verbal substantive, but the symptoms of these properties which manifest themselves outside the form of the infinitive and verbal substantive differ from each other in a specific way. The infinitive, in approaching the category of finite verb, manifests more verbal properties than does the verbal substantive. The precise description of these syntactic properties forms the subject of the present article.

Key words: verb, infinitive, verbal substantive, syntax, semantics

In the past years, ways of creating new words – that were considered rare(r) before – have become more common thanks to the development of internet language usage (Istók 2016, 2017a; Lőrincz 2016; Zimányi 2013: 54). In my paper, I analyse phrases of football slang which are created by „commonrare" ways of word-formation and spreading on the internet from formal and semantic aspects (Penaldo, Missi, Bundásliga etc.). The aim of my study is to determine the reasons and criteria for spreading the upper mentioned phrases.

football slang, „commonrare" ways of word-formation, ne(t)ologisms, internet language usage, humor

According to many researchers' opinion, a relative unity of Ancient Slavic language could have taken place until IV century A.D. Starting from IV century and until VIII-IX century A.D. it is only the late Ancient Slavic dialects that can be referred to. Heterogeneous results of linguistic changes of late Ancient Slavic period observable in certain Ancient Slavic dialects or dialectic groups are attributable to the solution of unity. At the time of Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin the Ancient Slavic unity had already ceased to exist.

In the Carpathian Basin the Magyars got in touch with Slavs whose language they borrowed a variety of words and toponyms from. Numerous toponyms borrowed in such a manner by the Hungarian language can shed light on the language characteristics of Late Ancient Slavic dialects of the Carpathian Basin. Based on the modern Hungarian toponyms this work establishes three types of progression of Early Ancient Slavic sound combinations *ktь (*ktĭ), *tь (*ti), *gь (*gi), *kь (*ki).

Keywords: Ancient Slavic dialects, Hungarian toponyms, Hungarian language, progression of sound combinations, split of Ancient Slavic unity